Margaret Hamilton Storey (July 31, 1900 - October 18, 1960) was an American museum curator, herpetologist and ichthyologist.She worked for the Stanford University Natural History Museum for over 25 years. I will return to work on one condition no more fireworks!" [63] Hamilton's innovations go beyond the feats of playing an important role in getting humans to the Moon. 1967) {Ex-Husband}, Your email address will not be published. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. , money, salary, income, and assets. "Deeply Integrated Guidance Navigation Unit (DI-GNU) Common Software Architecture Principles". Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. Hamilton and Ray Bolger were cast members in the 1966 fantasy film The Daydreamer, a collection of stories by Hans Christian Andersen. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. Three minutes before the lunar lander reached the Moon's surface, several computer alarms were triggered. We knew that. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. Among them, there were 6 in which the man stepped on the floor of the Moon. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Quote her most famous line, however, and watch their eyes blink awake with recognition: "I'll get you my pretty! From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. [62] Writing in Wired, Robert McMillan noted: "At MIT she assisted in the creation of the core principles in computer programming as she worked with her colleagues in writing code for the world's first portable computer". It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. At MIT, Margaret Hamilton was on the staff of the Draper Laboratory, founded in 1932 by Dr. Charles Stark Draper. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . They're scared. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. And there's always a funny reaction, like 'Ye gods, they wish they hadn't asked.' Without exaggeration, it could be said that the heroes of the arrival to the Moon were four: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins and Margaret Hamilton. [50], Hamilton was the CEO of HOS through 1984[20] and left the company in 1985. In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. In a few seconds he had to decide whether to land on the moon despite the risk or abort the landing and return with the honey on his lips. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Phil Davis In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast Hamilton as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. The on-board flight software captured these alarms with the "never supposed to happen displays" interrupting the astronauts with priority alarm displays. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". Planetary science is a global profession. skywriting sequence at the Emerald City. In Wired magazine, she said in 2015 "I enjoyed school, but there was something about maths that I loved more than anything". From 1961 to 1963, she worked at MIT on an unknown aircraft trajectory tracking project. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. They had one son, Hamilton Wadsworth Meserve, whom she raised on her own. Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. [19] She later moved to Millbrook, New York. The man had reached the Moon. Early life [ edit] It was a memorable day when one of the most respected hardware gurus explained to everyone in a meeting that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. She also published six books. Margaret Hamilton (* 17. srpna 1936 Paoli) je americk softwarov inenrka a podnikatelka. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. [10] She also made personal appearances, and Hamilton described the children's usual reaction to her portrayal of the Witch: Almost always they want me to laugh like the Witch. was ranked 99th in the 2005 American Film Institute survey of the most memorable movie quotes. Hamilton and Morgan never share any scenes in Oz. Byla editelkou oddlen softwarovho inenrstv v MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, kter vyvjela letov software pro Program Apollo.V roce 1986 zaloila spolenost Hamilton Technologies, kter sdl ve mst Cambridge ve stt Massachusetts. Hamilton next worked at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory (now the independent Charles Stark Draper Laboratory), which provided aeronautical technology for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). During one interview, she joked: I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. So, how much is Margaret Hamilton worth at the age of 83 years old? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . A few years later, they were reunited on Broadway for the short-lived musical Come Summer. Margaret Heafield Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana. Zeitlin, Arnold. In 1976, Hamilton co-founded with Saydean Zeldin a company called Higher Order Software (HOS)[40] to further develop ideas about error prevention and fault tolerance emerging from their experience at MIT working on the Apollo program. Only co-star Frank Morgan played more roles (five) in the film. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. With the error addressed, the lunar landings for Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were made possible. She is from USA. Her other mid-1970s stage productions, as the producer, were The Three Sisters and House Party.[where? There was no second chance. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American movie actress. and they continued. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. On April 28, 2017, she received the Computer History Museum Fellow Award, which honors exceptional men and women whose computing ideas have changed the world. Anthony Oettinger,[53] Barry Boehm,[citation needed] and Hamilton have been credited with naming the discipline of "software engineering". If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. This system played a crucial role just before the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. 1. It is possible to find relevant details of the biography of this extraordinary pioneer on many websites. They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. "It quickly became clear that the software was not only informing everyone that there was a hardware-related problem, but that the software was compensating for it. ], She married Paul Boynton Meserve on June 13, 1931, and made her debut on the New York City stage the following year. The picture made a terrible impression of some kind on them, sometimes a ghastly impression, but most of them got over it, I guess because when I talk like the Witch, and when I laugh, there is a hesitation and then they clap. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. Everything was done based on codes, so that they did not occupy too much space in the small memories of the computers, which were NOT made of silicon, but were housed in iron cores. The character is considered to be one of the screen's greatest and most memorable villains of all time. Mutual respect was across the board. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! [2], Margaret Elaine Heafield was born August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana,[3] to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (ne Partington). It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. She graduated from Hancock High School and studied at the University . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. DAAAE30-02-D-1020 and DAAB07-98-D-H502/0180, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 20032004. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. Hamilton, now an independent computer scientist, described for MIT News in 2009 her contributions to the Apollo software which last month was added in its entirety to the code-sharing site GitHub: From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. She appeared on Broadway in the musical Goldilocks opposite Don Ameche and Elaine Stritch, gave a lighter touch to the domineering Parthy Anne Hawks in the 1966 revival of Show Boat (dancing with David Wayne), and was the tender Aunt Eller in the 1968 Lincoln Center revival of Oklahoma!. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA 's Apollo program. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Earlham College, Richmond. [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. [33] The asynchronous executive designed by J. Halcombe Laning[34][30][35] was used by Hamilton's team to develop asynchronous flight software: Because of the flight software's system-software's error detection and recovery techniques that included its system-wide "kill and recompute" from a "safe place" restart approach to its snapshot and rollback techniques, the Display Interface Routines (AKA the priority displays) together with its man-in-the-loop capabilities were able to be created in order to have the capability to interrupt the astronauts' normal mission displays with priority displays of critical alarms in case of an emergency. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. She went on to appear in These Three (1936), Saratoga, You Only Live Once, When's Your Birthday?, Nothing Sacred (all 1937), The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938), My Little Chickadee (with W. C. Fields, 1940), and The Sin of Harold Diddlebock (with Harold Lloyd, 1947). August 17, 2016. [16] She moved on to another project in the summer of 1961, and hired and trained Ellen Fetter as her replacement.[12]. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. [3] She also wrote software for a satellite tracking project at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. Mention the name Margaret Hamilton to a Millennial, and chances are they won't be able to pick her out of a line-up. In the early 1970s, she joined the cast of another CBS soap opera, As the World Turns, on which she played Miss Peterson, Simon Gilbey's assistant. Zack, Suzanne. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. Hamilton had prepared for just this situation years before: There was one other failsafe that Hamilton likes to remember. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo program's guidance system. [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. A Slight Case of Murder. At MIT she began programming software to predict the weather and did postgraduate work in meteorology. It even printed out its answers in Latin and Greek. Between 1969 and 1972, the Apollo program carried out 22 missions: 19 with total success, 2 with partial success and 1 with failure. Garland visited Hamilton while the latter recuperated at home looking after her son. [1], On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from president Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions. At the time, computer science and software engineering were not yet established disciplines; instead, programmers learned on the job with hands-on experience. five.[28]. (Revised December 29, 2004). Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses for a series of photos with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. So I was assigned this program and I actually got it to work. What are the characteristics of the Solar System? She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented on November 22, 2016 by the President of the United States, for her brilliant work during the Apollo missions in the 1960s. As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Hamilton never remarried. [10] She says her poet father and headmaster grandfather inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. [30][31][32] The program alarms indicated "executive overflows", meaning the guidance computer could not complete all of its tasks in real time and had to postpone some of them. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. Pufnstuf herself being spoofed by actress Billie Hayes. If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. After graduation she married her first husband, James Cox Hamilton, and . Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom, SpaceX scrubs Crew-6 astronaut launch due to ignition-fluid issue, Experience SpaceX's Crew-6 astronaut mission with these amazing photos, DNA from 4 American presidents will launch to deep space, Asteroid Ryugu is rich in organic molecules that can be building blocks of life, On This Day In Space: Feb. 26, 1966: 1st launch of Saturn 1B rocket, Your monthly guide to stargazing & space science, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with code 'LOVE5', Issues delivered straight to your door or device. [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world.