Q. where would i find list of all the "clean" cities and the rates of air pollution ? For the majority of data, the midrange is calculated by adding the smallest observation and the largest observation and dividing by two. reservoir the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies, which can include humans, animals, or the environment. cumulative frequency curve a plot of the cumulative frequency rather than the actual frequency for each class interval of a variable. Data points are plotted at the midpoints of the intervals and are connected with straight lines. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. is directly proportional to epidemic the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a particular period. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. incidence of disease. Determine mathematic problems. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. The number of live births per 1000 in the population in a given year. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. observational study see study, observational. Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). Nglish: Translation of infection for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of infection for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about infection. field epidemiology see epidemiology, field. Two common types are cohort studies and case-control studies. high-risk group a group of persons whose risk for a particular disease, injury, or other health condition is greater than that of the rest of their community or population. scale, interval a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are measured on a scale of equally spaced units, but without a true zero point (e.g., date of birth). 2. . Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. rated the film PG13; rated the bonds at junk level. secondary attack rate see attack rate, secondary. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. asymmetrical a type of distribution where the shape to the right and left of the central location is not the same. Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). infection rate. epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. 10 Infection rate Synonyms. Die Behrden in Hongkong hatten die Maskenpflicht whrend der Pandemie strikt durchgesetzt. trial, randomized clinical a clinical trial in which persons are randomly assigned to exposure or treatment groups. denominator the lower portion of a fraction; used in calculating a ratio, proportion, or rate. variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. That is to say, The most common symptoms were respiratory congestion, muscle aches (myalgia), and loss of smell or taste. transmission, vehicleborne transmission of an agent by an inanimate object; considered a type of indirect transmission; includes foodborne and waterborne transmission. mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical. decision tree a branching chart that represents the logical sequence or pathway of a clinical or public health decision. biologic transmission see transmission, biologic. outbreak, common-source an outbreak that results from persons being exposed to the same harmful influence (e.g., an infectious agent or toxin). bar chart, stacked a bar chart displaying quantities of two variables, represented by subdivided bars or columns (the subdivisions representing the categories of one variable) separated by space between bars or columns. Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center The mobile infection rate was 0.65% during the first half of Mobile infection rate jumps in H1 2014 case-fatality rate (also called case-fatality ratio) the proportion of persons with a particular condition (e.g., patients) who die from that condition. . It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. continuous variable see variable, continuous. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. symptom any indication of disease noticed or felt by a patient. Synonymsfor Infection rate 35 other terms for infection rate- words and phrases with similar meaning Lists synonyms antonyms definitions sentences thesaurus phrases suggest new cancer rates contamination level high prevalence hiv infection hiv prevalence hiv-infection rate incidence rate infection rates level of contamination level of infection A notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. class limits the values at the upper and lower ends of a class interval. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. In epidemiology, the data are usually summaries of the frequency of occurrence of an event or characteristic occurring among different groups. sample, random a sample of persons chosen in such a way that each one has the same (and known) probability of being selected. risk the probability that an event will occur (e.g., that a person will be affected by, or die from, an illness, injury, or other health condition within a specified time or age span). I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. mode the most frequently occurring value in a set of observations (see also measure of central location). immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. This is true regardless of whether they have shown symptoms of COVID-19 or not. infection rates. central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. {\displaystyle \lambda } .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? The number of heartbeats per unit of time that can be detected by palpating any accessible artery. In radiology, the speed with which medical images are recorded, usually expressed in images per second. The film was rated excellent by 90 per cent of children. 10 other terms for infection rates- words and phrases with similar meaning. Among countries with both high vaccination rates and high rates of Covid-19 infection, most rely on vaccines made in China, a CNBC analysis shows. See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. age-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, age-specific. y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. thesaurus. scatter diagram (or scattergram) a graphical display of the association between two variables in which a dot is plotted on the graph for each set of paired values for two continuous variables, with one variable plotted on the horizontal axis, and the other plotted on the vertical axis. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. See respiratory tract infection . There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . Normal, bell-shaped distributions are symmetrical; the mean, median, and mode are the same. Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. The denominator is the number of persons with the condition; the numerator is the number of cause-specific deaths among those persons. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. https://www.freethesaurus.com/infection+rate. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. variable (or data), discrete a variable that is limited to a finite number of values; data for such a variable. natural history of disease the progression of a disease process in a person from the time it begins to the time it resolves, in the absence of treatment. However, it is not clear what rate of variation is consistent with ongoing replication in small sanctuary sites. The number of cases per year of certain diseases in relation to the size of the population in which they occur. hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. HIPAA the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted in 1996, which addresses the privacy of a persons medical information as well as postemployment insurance and other health-related concerns. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? The alternative is adopted if the null hypothesis (see also hypothesis, null) proves implausible. syndrome a combination of symptoms characteristic of a disease or health condition; sometimes refers to a health condition without a clear cause (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome). midrange the halfway point, or midpoint, in a set of observations. specificity the ability or a test, case definition, or surveillance system to exclude persons without the health condition of interest; the proportion of persons without a health condition that are correctly identified as such by a screening test, case definition, or surveillance system. the most highly rated player in English football, in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance, it must rate as one of the most boring films around. {\displaystyle A} Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading issues in modern healthcare due to the inability to treat common infections with available antibiotics. A white blood cell (WBC) count measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. life expectancy a statistical projection of the average number of years a person of a given age is expected to live, if current mortality rates continue to apply.